What reason does Ismene give for not helping Antigone?

Ismene's reason for not helping Antigone is grounded in her fear of punishment. Throughout "Antigone," the theme of conflict between the individual and the state, as well as the consequences of defying authority, is prevalent. Ismene is acutely aware of the law and the repercussions that come with disobeying it, particularly in the context of King Creon's edict forbidding the burial of Polyneices. Her acknowledgment of this fear reveals her character as one who prioritizes safety and conformity over actions that could lead to severe consequences, such as death.

While the other choices may touch on related themes—such as Ismene’s belief in respecting authority or her loyalty to both her sister and the state—her principal motivation is her profound fear of the consequences she might face for going against Creon’s orders. This reflects the societal pressures that women, and citizens in general, feel in a patriarchal society where disobedience can lead to dire ramifications. Thus, her fear plays a pivotal role in her character's development and highlights the central conflict between familial loyalty and adherence to state law in the play.