Whom does Ismene refer to with the phrase "those below"?

Ismene refers to "those below" in the context of their deceased relatives and ancestors, which points to the connection to the dead and the importance of honoring them in Greek culture. This phrase highlights the familial obligation that Ismene feels, particularly regarding the burial of their brother Polyneices, who has been denied a proper burial according to Creon's decree.

In the play, the concept of respecting the dead and the laws surrounding burial rites is central to the conflict between Ismene and Antigone. Antigone feels a strong moral and familial duty to ensure her brother receives the proper rites, while Ismene expresses fear and hesitation. Through referencing "those below," Ismene acknowledges the weight of their family's past and the influences of the deceased on their lives. This element emphasizes themes of duty to family and the consequences of defying societal and divine laws.